中空微/纳米结构材料的制备及其在超级电容器领域的应用

对近年来中空微/纳米结构材料的制备方法及其在超级电容器领域的应用进行综述。介绍了中空微/纳米结构材料的制备方法,包括:硬模板法、软模板法和无模板法,概述了中空微/纳米结构材料在超级电容器领域的应用,总结了中空微/纳米结构材料在超级电容器领域应用中存在的一些不足。     

环氧树脂涂层表面亲水性对微藻黏附性能的影响

在固体材料表面黏附成膜是微藻细胞的一种生理特性。近些年基于微藻生物膜的生物过程，如生物膜贴壁培养和防附着技术受到了很多关注。微藻在固体材料表面的黏附受藻细胞与材料表面之间的相互作用的影响，建立黏附强度与材料表面性质参数间的关系对于通过材料选择来强化或控制微藻生物膜具有非常重要的意义。本工作的目的是揭示和明确材料亲疏水性对微藻黏附的影响，提出了一种双酚A环氧(EP)树脂表面亲疏水改性的方法。通过将亲水性的二乙醇胺(DEA)或疏水性的聚甲基聚硅氧烷(PMHS)加入到EP树脂中反应，EP树脂表面水接触角在36.80?~98.34?范围内可通过加入不同量的DEA或PMHS实现任意可调，材料的表面水接触角与DEA或PMHS加入量之间有线性关系。重要的是这种改性方法获得的材料，其形貌、结构、表面粗糙度等表面性质几乎没有变化，从而在研究和关联微藻黏附量与材料表面亲疏水性(表面水接触角)之间的关系时可以排除亲疏水性之外的其他表面性质的影响；其次，考察了小球藻和栅藻在不同亲疏水性材料表面的黏附行为，结果表明小球藻和栅藻在亲水性和疏水性材料表面均能黏附成膜，但在亲水性材料表面黏附更多更快；建立了微藻最大黏附容量与材料表面接触角之间关联关系，表明微藻最大黏附容量随材料表面水接触角的增大而线性降低，栅藻的表面黏附容量比小球藻大。     

梁子湖水环境主要污染因子研究

研究了梁子湖水环境主要污染因子。分别采用综合污染指数法和卡尔森综合营养指数法对梁子湖入湖口、中心梁子岛、东梁子湖湖心、出湖口等监测点的水质状况和营养状态进行评价。结果表明,梁子湖的出湖口水质状况最好,入湖口最差;全湖处于中营养状态;总磷、总氮、COD_(Cr)、COD_(Mn)、BOD_5为梁子湖主要污染因子;梁子湖主要污染物的来源主要包括外源污染物的流入、区域内面源污染等。     

Molecular imaging of advanced atherosclerotic plaques with folate receptor-targeted 2D nanoprobes

Vulnerable atherosclerotic plaques are responsible for most cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). Folate receptor (FR) positive activated macrophages were thought to be a prominent component in the development of vulnerable plaque. The objective of this study is to develop folate conjugated two-dimensional (2D) Pd@Au nanomaterials (Pd@Au-PEG-FA) for targeted multimodal imaging of the FRs in advanced atherosclerotic plaques. Pharmacokinetic and imaging studies (single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT), computed tomography (CT) and photoacoustic (PA) imaging) were performed to confirm the prolonged blood half-life and enrichment of radioactivity in atherosclerotic plaques. Strong signals were detected in vivo with SPECT, CT and PA imaging in heavy atherosclerotic plaques, which were significantly higher than those of the normal aortas after injection of Pd@Au-PEG-FA. Blocking studies with preinjection of excess FA could effectively reduce the targeting ability of Pd@Au-PEG-FA in atherosclerotic plaques, further demonstrating the specific binding of Pd@Au-PEG-FA for plaque lesions. Histopathological characterization revealed that the signal of probe was in accordance with the high-risk plaques. In summary, the Pd@Au-PEG-FA has favorable pharmacokinetic properties and provides a valuable approach for detecting high-risk plaques in the presence of FRs in atherosclerotic plaques.

     

Engineering Field Effect Transistors with 2D Semiconducting Channels: Status and Prospects

The continuous miniaturization of field effect transistors (FETs) dictated by Moore's law has enabled continuous enhancement of their performance during the last four decades, allowing the fabrication of more powerful electronic products (e.g., computers and phones). However, as the size of FETs currently approaches interatomic distances, a general performance stagnation is expected, and new strategies to continue the performance enhancement trend are being thoroughly investigated. Among them, the use of 2D semiconducting materials as channels in FETs has raised a lot of interest in both academia and industry. However, after 15 years of intense research on 2D materials, there remain important limitations preventing their integration in solid‐state microelectronic devices. In this work, the main methods developed to fabricate FETs with 2D semiconducting channels are presented, and their scalability and compatibility with the requirements imposed by the semiconductor industry are discussed. The key factors that determine the performance of FETs with 2D semiconducting channels are carefully analyzed, and some recommendations to engineer them are proposed. This report presents a pathway for the integration of 2D semiconducting materials in FETs, and therefore, it may become a useful guide for materials scientists and engineers working in this field.     

Male-Dependent Promotion of Colitis in 129 Rag2−/− Mice Co-Infected with Helicobacter pylori and Helicobacter hepaticus

The prevalence of gastric Helicobacter pylori (Hp) infection is ~50% of the world population. However, how Hp infection influences inflammatory bowel disease in humans is not fully defined. In this study, we examined whether co-infection with Hp influenced Helicobacter hepaticus (Hh)–induced intestinal pathology in Rag2^−/− mice. Rag2^−/− mice of both sexes were infected with Hh, of which a subgroup was followed by infection with Hp two weeks later. Co-infected males, but not females, had significantly higher total colitis index scores in the colon at both 10 and 21 weeks post-Hh infection (WPI) and developed more severe dysplasia at 21 WPI compared with mono-Hh males. There were no significant differences in colonization levels of gastric Hp and colonic Hh between sexes or time-points. In addition, mRNA levels of colonic Il-1β, Ifnγ, Tnfα, Il-17A, Il-17F, Il-18, and Il-23, which play important roles in the development and function of proinflammatory innate lymphoid cell groups 1 and 3, were significantly up-regulated in the dually infected males compared with mono-Hh males at 21 WPI. These data suggest that concomitant Hp infection enhances the inflammatory responses in the colon of-Hh-infected Rag2^−/− males, which results in more severe colitis and dysplasia.     

β-环糊精协同乙烯基咪唑离子液体脱除溶剂油中的萘

采用1-乙烯基-3-正丁基溴代咪唑离子液体（[VBIM]Br）为脱除剂，在β-环糊精协同作用下萃取溶剂油中的萘。本实验考察了不同单因素条件在[VBIM]Br离子液体与β-环糊精共同作用下对溶剂油中脱萘率的影响，同时通过响应面法优化脱除工艺条件。实验结果表明：[VBIM]Br离子液体与β-环糊精共同作用下对萘的萃取率比单独利用[VBIM]Br离子液体提高了15%以上，萃取率达到90%以上。离子液体简单回收后，重复使用5次过后，脱除率仍在80%以上。实验通过红外分析和紫外光谱分析了[VBIM]Br离子液体协同β-环糊精脱萘的机理，与[VBIM]Br离子液体协同作用下，β-环糊精对萘存在包合作用，实现了对溶剂油中萘的脱除。